First Experience of Plastination at 4150 Meters Above Sea Level, at the Altitude of La Paz, Bolivia / Primera Experiencia de Plastinación a 4150 Metros sobre el Nivel del Mar, en la Altura de La Paz, Bolivia

SUMMARY: Despite attempts to develop the plastination technique in Bolivia, standardized results have not yet been achieved that could be communicated via scientific publications. There is a great deal of misunderstanding around the technique, confusing it with classic techniques of inclusion in different types of resin, such as polyester and epoxy, but these protocols are not plastination. The aim of this work was to communicate the first standardized room-temperature plastination protocol with silicone in Bolivia, with the unique feature of doing so at the altitude of the city of La Paz, thus constituting the first communication of a plastination technique at 4,150 m.a.s.l. sub sede La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia.

En Bolivia, a pesar de los intentos en el desarrollo de la técnica de Plastinación, aún no se han alcanzado resultados estandarizados que pudieran ser comunicados por medio de publicaciones científicas. Existe una gran confusión al momento de desarrollar la técnica, confundiéndola con técnicas clásicas de inclusión en distintos tipos de reina, como poliéster y epoxy, pero no correspondiendo estos protocolos desarrollados a la técnica de plastinación. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta trabajo consistió en comunicar el primer protocolo estandarizado de plastinación a temperatura ambiente con silicona de Bolivia, con la particularidad de desarrollarlo en la altura de la ciudad de La Paz, constituyéndose, de esta manera, en la primera comunicación de una técnica de plastinación a 4.150 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

Breeding of Chlorella mutants deficient in chlorophyll synthesis and evaluation of its protein yield and quality / 生物工程学报

The aim of this study was to construct Chlorella mutants deficient in chlorophyll synthesis by atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, and screen novel algal species with very low chlorophyll content which is suitable for protein production by fermentation. Firstly, the lethal rate curve of mixotrophic wild type cells was established by optimizing the mutagenesis treatment time. The mixotrophic cells in early exponential phase were treated by the condition of over 95% lethal rate, and 4 mutants with the visual change of colony color were isolated. Subsequently, the mutants were cultured in shaking flasks heterotrophically for evaluation of their protein production performance. P. ks 4 mutant showed the best performance in Basal medium containing 30 g/L glucose and 5 g/L NaNO3. The protein content and productivity reached 39.25% dry weight and 1.15 g/(L·d), with an amino acid score of 101.34. The chlorophyll a content decreased 98.78%, whereas chlorophyll b was not detected, and 0.62 mg/g of lutein content made the algal biomass appear golden yellow. This work provides a novel germplasm, the mutant P. ks 4 with high yield and high quality, for alternative protein production by microalgal fermentation.

Conservación ex situ y propagación in vitro de germoplasma de Neltuma alba Griseb / Germoplasm ex situ conservation and in vitro propagation of Neltuma alba Griseb

RESUMEN Neltuma alba Griseb es una especie emblemática de la Ecorregión Chaqueña, por el valor de su madera y frutos. Los resultados de la presente investigación, dan cuenta de que las semillas de algarrobo blanco pueden ser críoconservadas sin afectar el poder y la energía para germinar. Las semillas fueron conservadas por tres meses a Temperatura ambiente (24° y 30°C, Congelamiento (-18°C) y Nitrógeno líquido (-196°C). Posteriormente, fueron escarificadas mecánicamente y sembradas en tierra negra y aserrín (3:1). Los resultados fueron sometidos a pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis, analizándose poder, energía y vigor germinativo, y no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Para la regeneración in vitro en medio de cultivo MS suplementados con 3 mg L-1 IBA y 0,05 mg L-1 CIN, se utilizaron segmentos nodales de 2 cm de longitud obtenidos de plántulas provenientes de semillas. Los porcentajes de enraizamiento obtenidos fueron elevados (87-90%). No existiendo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos ensayados. El almacenamiento de semillas a 24°-30°C resulta ser el más apropiado para alcanzar altos porcentajes de germinación

ABSTRACT Neltuma alba Gris is an emblematic specie of Chaco Ecoregion for its wood and fruits value. This research show that algarrobo blanco's seeds can cryopreserve without affecting germination power and energy. The seeds were kept for three months at 24°-30°C, (-18°C) and (-196°C). Later, they were mechanically scarified and sown in black soil and sawdust (3: 1). The results were subjected to non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, analyzing germination power, energy and vigor. The test did not detect significant differences between treatments. The nodal segments (2 cm long) obtained from plants of seeds were used for in vitro regeneration in MS culture medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 IBA and 0.05 mg L-1 CIN, The rooting percentages obtained were high (87-90%). There are no significant differences between treatments tested. The storage of seeds at 24°-30°C is the most approppiate to rich high percentages of germination.

Protocolo unificado de plastinación con silicona en frío y a temperatura ambiente / Unified plastination protocol with silicone at cold and room temperature

RESUMEN: En la actualidad, la técnica de plastinación es considerada una de las más novedosas formas de conservación cuerpos completos, secciones y órganos, tanto humanos como animales, para su uso en docencia de pre y postgrado, como así también investigación morfológica. En este sentido, para desarrollar las diversas técnicas de plastinación se requiere de equipamiento específico y formación especializada de académicos, que tengan la capacidad de llevar adelante la diversidad de protocolos que existen, según el material anatómico que se desee preservar. En el año 2015, desde el Laboratorio de Plastinación y Técnicas Anatómicas de la Universidad de La Frontera, se propuso por primera una nueva técnica de plastinación a temperatura ambiente, que permitió obtener preparaciones plastinadas de igual calidad que las técnicas clásicas de plastinación. En la actualidad, desde nuestro laboratorio, se propone un nuevo protocolo de plastinación con silicona que unifica las técnicas que se desarrollan en frío como así también a temperatura ambiente para la conservación de cuerpos humanos y animales completos, secciones anatómicas, regiones corporales, y órganos aislados.

SUMMARY: At present, plastination technique is considered one of the newest forms of conservation of whole bodies, sections and organs, both human and animal, for use in undergraduate and graduate teaching, as well as morphological research. In this sense, to develop the various plastination techniques requires specific equipment and specialized training of academics, who have the ability to carry out the diversity of protocols that exist, according to the anatomical material that is to be preserved. In 2015, from the Laboratory of Plastination and Anatomical Techniques of Universidad de La Frotera, a new plastination technique was proposed for the first time at room temperature, which allowed obtaining plastinated preparations of the same quality as the classic plastination techniques. At present, from our laboratory, a new protocol for plastination with silicone is proposed that unifies the techniques that are developed in cold as well as at room temperature for the conservation of complete human and animal bodies, such as as well as anatomical sections, body regions, and isolated organs.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Composite Hemi-Facial Defects – A Case Report

Introduction: Rehabilitation of severe hemi-facial defectsposes a challenge to the Prosthodontist. Defects involvingmore than one facial part with asymmetry of contra lateralside require careful planning and technical skills to providethe prostheses.Case Report: This article presents a case of of hemi-facialdefect due to chemical burn injury rehabilitated with custommade silicone prosthesis. It also highlights a technique offlasking used for the fabrication of the prosthesis combiningorbital and nasal defects.Conclusion: The technique used for the rehabilitation ofconventional silicone prostheses can be well utilized whenimplants are not feasible.

Maxillofacial Silicone Prosthesis For A Patient With Unilateral Ear Defect: A Clinical Case Report

Congenital or acquired loss of body parts is of common occurrence and replacement of such parts for restoring their lost function and esthetics is done by using various bio‑compatible materials. Proper assessment of the disfigured body parts and a feasible approach to rehabilitating them has for long, been the target of clinical maxillofacial prosthodontics. The aim of this article is to present a case report of such a silicone prosthesis for a patient with a congenital unilateral auricular defect.

Conceptos fundamentales del protocolo modificado de plastinación a temperatura ambiente con silicona, con posterior pigmentación, y su aplicación para la conservación de placenta humana / Fundamental concepts of the modified room temperature plastination protocol with silicone, with subsequent pigmentation, and its application for the conservation of human placenta

RESUMEN: El auge experimentado en los últimos años en la aplicación de las técnicas anatómicas para la conservación de muestras anatómicas está directamente relacionado con la necesidad de preservación de los escasos especímenes con que cuentan las instituciones universitarias en relación a aumentar el tiempo de utilización del mismo. En este sentido, la plastinación es la técnica anatómica que más se destaca y que permite preservar por tiempo indeterminado, sin toxicidad, las preparaciones anatómicas. Presentamos el protocolo modificado de plastinación a temperatura ambiente con silicona, desarrollado en el Laboratorio de Plastinación y Técnicas Anatómicas de la Universidad de La Frontera, con el objetivo de aplicarla a la conservación de una placenta humana, la cual posteriormente fue pigmentada para otorgarle un aspecto más cercano a lo real.

SUMMARY: The surge experienced in recent years in the application of anatomical techniques for the conservation of anatomical samples is directly related to the need to preserve the few specimens that university institutions have in relation to increase the time of use of the same. In this sense, the plastination is the anatomical technique that stands out and that allows to preserve indefinitely, without toxicity, the anatomical preparations. We present the modified plastination protocol at room temperature with silicone, developed in the Laboratory of Plastination and Anatomical Techniques of the University of La Frontera, with the aim of applying it to the conservation of a human placenta, which was subsequently pigmented to give it an appearance closer to the real.

Mutation and fermentation optimization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for acetoin production / 生物工程学报

As a platform chemical, acetoin has a great potential of application in medicine and food industries. In order to improve the efficiency of acetoin production, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was treated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma and gamma rays. Two-round screening was adopted for obtaining positive mutants, and the best mutant B. amyloliquefaciens H-5 produced acetoin up to 68.2 g/L in shake flask. Then, culture conditions were optimized in 5-L fermentor to enhance acetoin production. Finally, 85.2 g/L acetoin was produced by B. amyloliquefaciens H-5, which was increased by 26.8% compared with that of the original strain B. amyloliquefaciens FMME088. These results indicated that the high-producing strain can be obtained efficiently by compound mutagenesis, which has a promising prospect for commercial scale process.

Time collection and storage conditions of lipid profile

The stability of samples is crucial for getting reliable concentrations of many analytes, including lipid profile. Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze lipid profile under different storage and temperature conditions. This was a prospective study with 809 patients of both genders. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein were measured within 1 h from collection at room temperature, after 2-3 h of refrigeration (8°C) and after 4-5 h at room temperature. The processing time and storage conditions did not affect the analytes measured. These findings are important for multicenter studies, because of the difficulties related to centrifugation and freezing of samples immediately after collection.

Viability of ovine spermatozoa collected from epididymides stored at 18°-25°C for 48 hours post mortem / Viabilidade dos espermatozoides ovinos coletados de epidídimos armazenados a 18°-25°C até 48 horas após a morte

The objectives of this study were to verify the time during which viable ovine spermatozoa could be recovered from the cauda epididymis kept at ambient temperature (18-25°C). Sperm collected in an artificial vagina (AV) were used as control. Spermatozoa samples were collected with an AV and from epididymis at 0 (G0), 6 (G6), 12 (G12), 24 (G24), and 48 (G48) hours post mortem. Total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), hypo-osmotic membrane integrity test (HOST) and morphological changes were assessed. TM decreased (P<0.05) from 24 hours post mortem (70.0±1.9%) compared to AV (86.4±1.0%). PM decreased (P<0.05) from 12 hours after death (31.3±4.0%) compared to AV group (73.2±1.4%). The percentage of viable cells in HOST decreased (P<0.05) in the G48 (60.0±8.9%). Spermatozoa recovery was lower (P<0.05) 48 hours after death (2064.2±230.7 x 106 spermatozoa) compared to G0(2623.6±288.4 x 106 spermatozoa). In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, it would be possible to use epididymal spermatozoa recovered up to 24 hours after death for artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization; however, fertility trials are necessary to prove this hypothesis.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o período pelo qual era possível recuperar espermatozoides ovinos viáveis da cauda de epidídimos mantidos em temperatura ambiente (18-25°C). O sêmen coletado em vagina artificial (AV) foi utilizado como controle. Os espermatozoides foram coletados dos epidídimos à zero hora (G0), às seis (G6), 12 (G12), 24 (G24) e 48 (G48) horas post mortem. A motilidade total (TM), a motilidade progressiva (PM), a integridade de membrana plasmática em solução hiposmótica (HOST) e a morfologia espermática foram avaliadas. A TM diminuiu (P<0,05) a partir de 24 horas após a morte (70,0±1,9%) comparado ao sêmen coletado em AV (86,4±1,0%). A PM diminuiu (P<0,05) a partir de 12 horas após a morte (31,3±4,0%) comparado ao grupo AV (73,2±1,4%). A porcentagem de espermatozoides viáveis no HOST diminuiu (P<0,05) no G48 (60,0±8,9%). A recuperação espermática foi menor (P<0,05) 48 horas após a morte (2064,2±498,1 x 106 espermatozoides) comparado ao G0 (2298,4±288,4 x 106 espermatozoides). Em conclusão, nas condições deste estudo, é possível utilizar espermatozoides epididimários recuperados até 24 horas após a morte para inseminação artificial ou fertilização in vitro, porém testes de fertilidade são necessários para comprovar essa hipótese.(AU)

Synthesis of Quantum Dot / Boronic Acid-substituted Bipyridinium Salt Nanohybrids as Room-temperature Phosphorescence Probe for Fructose Detection / 分析化学

Trace level of fructose was successfully detected by a sensor, in which the phosphorescence of Mn-doped ZnS (Mn-ZnS) room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) quantum dots (QDs) was used as signals, and boronic acid-substituted bipyridinium salt (BBV) synthesized from 2-(bromomethyl) phenylboronic acid and 4,4ˊ-bipyridyl was used as the receptor. The negatively-charged Mn-ZnS QDs and the positively-charged BBV electrostatically attracted each other to form Mn-ZnS QDs/ BBV nanohybrids, which quenched the RTP of Mn-ZnS QDs. After addition into these nanohybrids, the fructose bonded with BBV to form an anionic borate, which largely restricted the quenching of BBV on Mn-ZnS QDs, thus the RTP was restored. In this work, we investigated the effects of pH and reaction time on the RTP of the Mn-ZnS QDs/ BBV nanohybrids. Under the optimal conditions, the novel probe had a fructose detection limit of 0. 01 mmol/ L and a linear range of 0. 05-1. 0 mmol/ L was achieved with correlation coefficient of 0. 99. This phosphorescence sensor was superior with convenience and high speed, and can be potentially applied to the detection and analysis of fructose in foods and medicine fields.

Progress of Room Temperature Phosphorescent Sensing Application Based on Manganese-doped Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots / 分析化学

In comparison with traditional organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots ( QDs) feature a series of superior luminescence properties, including narrow and symmetric emission, broad excitation and strong absorption, excellent photobleaching-resistance, and good water solubility. The addition of dopants can endows QDs with extra new properties, e. g. , further increase the Stokes shift for avoiding self-quenching. Mn-doped ZnS QDs are a very representative example of doped QDs. No harmful elements such as Cd and Hg are involved in such type of bio-friendly QDs. Besides, the Mn2+dopant further adds QDs with excellent room temperature phosphorescence. Phosphorescent detection can effectively eliminate the interference of biological background fluorescence, thus Mn-doped ZnS QDs can be widely used in phosphorescent bioanalysis. In this paper, the recent progress of room temperature phosphorescence analysis with Mn-doped ZnS QDs was reviewed. The emphasis was placed on the several stimulative sensing design strategies, including the luminescence mechanism, ion probes, detection of small molecules and biomacromolecules.

The changes of fresh frozen plasma parameters after its off from the cold chain / 中国输血杂志

Objective To discuss the changes of the quality of the fresh frozen plasma,which leaved refrigerator and it was out of the cold chain.Method The fresh frozen plasma was placed at the room temperature,in six different periods,that is 0,0.5,2,4 h,8,and 12 hours.The prothrombin time,activated partial thrombin live enzymes time,fibrinogen and factor FⅤ,factor FⅧ,antithrombin(AT) and protein C were tested on each point.Results In the fourth group and the fifth group,the FⅧ,AT,and protein C were statistically lower compared with the controls (P＜0.05).But there were no obvious changes of APTT,PT,INR,Fbg and FⅤwhen placed at room temperature for 12 hours.Conclusion After the fresh frozen plasma placed at room temperature for more than 8 hours,the FⅧ ∶ C,AT and protein C were significantly lower compared with the control group.But they have no obvious changes of APTT,PT,INR,Fbg and F Ⅴ when placed at room temperature for 12 hours.

Mutation breeding of high 9α-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17- dione transforming strains from phytosterols and their conversion process optimization / 生物工程学报

In order to improve transformation efficiency of phytosterols into 9α-hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (9α-OH-AD) by Mycobacterium sp. LY-1, we studied the strains breeding using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) technology and optimized their conversion process. A high production strain named C33 with a good genetic stability was selected and the product molar yield reached to 15.5%, 34.8% higher than that of original strain with 15 g/L phytosterols. Furthermore, the fermentation medium was optimized through the design of orthogonal experiment. Besides, oil-water bidirectional transformation system was set up to improve the 9α-OH-AD molar yield of mutant strain C33. With adding 12 mL soybean oil to each 1 g phytosterols, the molar yield of 9α-OH-AD reached 47.0%, which increased twice than that of control (15.5%).

Influence of cutting room temperature on the microbiological quality of chicken breast meat / Influência da temperatura da sala de cortes sobre a qualidade microbiológica da carne de peito de frango

The temperature control in the processing room is one of the major factors associated with the production of safe food with a satisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 288 samples of skinless chicken breast meat were placed in a cutting room, subjected to four different temperatures (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC and 18ºC) and collected to evaluate the influence of the room temperature on the microbiological quality during the cutting and boning of chicken breasts. Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were counted to evaluate the environmental contamination. In addition, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC and Staphylococcus spp. were counted, and an analysis for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins and Salmonella spp. was performed to determine the microbiological quality of the meat. The results showed an increase in environmental contamination (P=0.01) with an increase in room temperature. However, no significant differences (P˃0.05) were observed in the meat cuts regarding the counts of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, the count of Staphylococcus spp. and the presence of Salmonella spp. Moreover, no staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in the samples analyzed. Thus, despite increasing the environmental contamination, the increase in the cutting room temperature did not affect the microbiological quality of the final product.(AU)

O controle da temperatura do ambiente de processamento é um dos principais fatores relacionados à produção de alimentos seguros e com qualidade microbiológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura ambiente durante o corte e a desossa da carne de frangos sobre a qualidade microbiológica dos produtos finais, foram coletadas 288 amostras de carne de peito de frango sem pele, obtidas em uma sala de cortes climatizada submetida a quatro diferentes temperaturas ambientes (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC e 18ºC). Para avaliação da contaminação ambiental, foi realizada a contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios e, para a avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da carne, foram realizadas a contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, a contagem de Staphylococcus spp., a pesquisa de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um aumento da contaminação ambiental (P=0,01) à medida que a temperatura da sala foi aumentada. Porém, nos cortes cárneos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P˃0,05) na contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, na contagem de Staphylococcus spp. e na pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Também não foi detectada a presença de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas nas amostras analisadas. Foi concluído que, apesar da elevação da contaminação ambiental, o aumento da temperatura ambiente da sala de cortes não comprometeu a qualidade microbiológica do produto final.(AU)

Exploration Study of the osteosarcoma devitalization technique by vacuum dehydra-tion at room temperature / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To demonstrate the feasibility of the osteosarcoma devitalization method by vacuum dehydration at room tem-perature. Methods:For the in vivo study, the VX2 tumor mass was treated by vacuum dehydration, rehydrated in ice water, and im-planted in the rabbit to determine the safety time to deactivate the tumor. For the in vitro study, the osteosarcoma mass was devital-ized by vacuum dehydration, and the dehydration rate and ATPase activity were determined. Histopathological changes in the tumor were also observed. The change in the biomechanical strength of rabbit bone and tendon after vacuum devitalization treatment was detected. Results:At room temperature, the safety time to deactivate the VX2 tumor was 60 min, and the dehydration rate was 93.8%at this time point. After vacuum dehydration, the tumor mass evidently shrunk, presenting a porous structure. The osteosarcoma cell became small, and cell structure damage was observed under light microscope. Disrupted cell membrane and organelles were seen un-der transmission electron microscope as well as broken down chromosomes. The activity of ATPase was evidently lower than in the control group. The strength of bone and tendon did not decrease significantly after vacuum dehydration. Conclusion:Treatment by vacuum dehydration at room temperature for 60 min does not result in differences of the bone and tendon strength. However, it can inactivate both soft tissue and bone tumor mass completely.

Sleep and Temperature / 수면정신생리

Changes in core body temperature are closely related to initiation and maintenance of sleep, and are influenced by various factors such as air temperature, room temperature, clothing, human activities, and medications. These factors are closely related to sleep fragments, insomnia and other sleep disorders. Understanding the effect of the temperature related to human surroundings on the core body temperature and sleep, will be useful for understanding the physiology of sleep and to treat sleep disorders.

Mutagenesis of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 for increasing pyrroloquinoline quinone production by atmospheric and room temperature plasma / 生物工程学报

As a novel cofactor of oxidoreductase, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has a great potential of application in medicine, food industries. In order to improve the efficiency of the PQQ production by Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, the strain was treated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). Positive mutants with changes in PQQ yield were obtained based on a high-throughput screening approach. After ARTP treatment, analysis data show that the positive mutation rate was 31.6%. Furthermore, we obtained an excellent positive mutant M. extorquens AM1 (E-F3) with the yield of 54.0 mg/L PQQ, which was approximately 3 times as much compared with that of the wild-type strain. The robust high-throughput screening method for mutagenesis by ARTP improves PQQ production. In addition, this method also provides a new strategy for further strain improvement.

Plastination technique in laboratory rats: an alternative resource for teaching, surgical training and research development / Técnica de plastinación en ratas de laboratorio: un recurso alternativo para la enseñanza, entrenamiento quirúrgico y desarrollo de la investigación

Today, alternatives methods are developed for the use of laboratory animals for teaching, research and surgical training. In our work we present a novel alternative to the use of rats, by developing a technique of plastination at room temperature. High-quality rat preparations from the anatomical dissection point of view were obtained, in order to indefinitely preserve them dry, the thoracic and abdominal organs conserve its natural volume and shape, maintaining their texture and color. No odors or hassles and toxic vapors of conventional preserving agents were found. This technique allows the collection of dry, completely biosafe and durable specimens in a short time and with excellent quality. Plastination in laboratory rats complements undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy studies perfectly. Also, radiology and surgery may benefit from this technique.

En la actualidad, se desarrollan alternativas para el uso de animales de laboratorio para enseñanza, investigación y entrenamiento quirúrgico. En nuestro trabajo presentamos una novedosa alternativa para el uso de ratas, a través del desarrollo de una técnica de plastinación a temperatura ambiente. Se obtuvieron preparados de alta calidad desde el punto de vista de la disección anatómica, con órganos torácicos y abdominales que conservaron su volumen, forma, textura y color. Además, los especímenes carecen de olores y no emiten vapores tóxicos, debido a la ausencia de agentes conservantes convencionales. Esta técnica permite desarrollar especÌmenes secos de excelente calidad, completamente bioseguros y duraderos, en muy poco tiempo. La plastinación en ratas de laboratorio complementa los estudios de anatomía de pregrado y postgrado perfectamente. Además, las áreas de radiología y cirugía también pueden beneficiarse de esta técnica.

Preparation of Uric Acid Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene/Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Nanocomposite Sol Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode / 分析化学

Graphene/Room temperature ionic liquids ( GN/IL ) nanocomposite was prepared by grinding graphene and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ( BMIMPF6 ) which mixed together in appropriate proportion. Atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) was utilized to characterize the formation of the GN-ILs. Due to the synergistic effect between ionic liquids and graphene, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent performance toward H2 O2 reduction. A novel uric acid ( UA) electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on uricase-GN/IL modified glassy carbon electrode. The experimental results showed that the response displayed a good linear response toward UA in the concentration range from 0. 002-4. 5 mmol/L. The corre1ation coefficient was 0. 995 and the detection limit was 0. 85 μmol/L. The easily prepared electrochemical sensor had favorable stability and selectivity and could be applied to the quick determination of UA in human serum, thus providing a new UA detection method for clinical trial.